Chemokine GPCR Family Subtypes and Products

Chemokine receptors are a very large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that binds the cytokine, chemokine. Chemokine receptors can be broken down into four main subtypes: CXC chemokine receptors, CC chemokine receptors, CX3C chemokine receptors, and XC chemokine receptors, named after the families of chemokines they bind to. Chemokines are a family of proteins responsible for trafficking leukocyte under inflammatory and homeostatic conditions. Certain chemokines also play a role in inhibiting or promoting tumor activity, inhibiting HIV activity, gene expression modulation, and antimicrobial activity. Progress has been made in identifying chemokine receptor antagonists for the treatment of immunologically mediated inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis,  glomerulonephritis, and cardiac graft rejection. A few are currently undergoing clinical trials.