Parathyroid Hormone GPCR Family Subtypes and Products

What Are Parathyroid Hormone Receptors?

Parathyroid hormone receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprised of two receptor subtypes: PTH1 and PTH2. PTH1 is primarily found in both bone and kidney, while PTH2 receptors are mainly concentrated within the central nervous system and pancreas. PTH1 plays a role in the regulation of calcium metabolism, and mutations in the receptor are responsible for disorders such as Jansen’s disease, chondrodysplasia, and enchondromatosis. PTH1 has therapeutic potential in the treatment of osteoporosis, hypoparathyroidism, and various genetic diseases.

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Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Information

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PTH1

PTH2

Parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) functions as a receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). It is expressed in high levels in bone and kidney and mediates mineral ion homeostasis as well as the paracrine actions of PTHrP, which is important in the process of endochondral bone formation. Defects in PTH1R can cause chondrodysplasia and enchondromatosis. The development of novel PTH receptor ligands could prove to be valuable in the treatment of diseases such as osteoporosis and hypercalcemia.

The parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor type 2 (PTHR2) is a receptor for PTH and tuberoinfundibular peptide TIP39. Unlike the PTH1 receptor, the PTH2 receptor has extreme low affinity for PTH-related peptide PTHrP. PTH2 receptor expression is high in the CNS, where it is concentrated in limbic, hypothalamic, and sensory areas, especially hypothalamic periventricular neurons, nerve terminals in the median eminence, superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn, and the caudal part of the sensory trigeminal nucleus. Peripheral expression in pancreatic islet somatostatin cells is most dramatic. PTHR2 may be functionally involved in pituitary and pancreatic hormone release and pain perception.

Parathyroid Hormone Cell Lines

Receptor Family	Receptor	Species	Parental	Stable Cell Lines	Division-Arrested Cells	Membranes
Parathyroid Hormone	PTH1	human	HEK293T	C1301	DC1301	MC1301
	PTH1	human	HEK293T	C1301-1	DC1301-1	MC1301-1
	PTH2	human	HEK293T	H1302	DH1302	H1302