Ligand binding assays using GPCR membranes
A ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule, often expressed in the cellular membranes such as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The introduction of membrane ligand binding assays and high-throughput screening (HTS) has revolutionized drug discovery. Ligand binding assays allow us to understand how a ligand or a novel synthetic compound interacts with a target protein and to measure the force (affinity) and speed (kinetics) of the interactions, while HTS helps automate research and reduce development time.
Because GPCRs are so prolific in the human genome, most modern drugs use GPCRs as targets. Changes in cell membrane and membrane itself control cell signaling and ligand binding in GPCRs. This is important pharmacology because it gives drugs a way to identify, target, and affect specific GPCR proteins.
